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<title>Applied physics</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Applied physics</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a topical guide, see <a href="Outline_of_applied_physics" title="Outline of applied physics">Outline of applied physics</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Applied_Physics_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Applied Physics (disambiguation)">Applied Physics (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

<p><b>Applied physics</b> is the application of <a href="Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> to solve scientific or engineering problems. It is usually considered a bridge or a connection between physics and <a href="Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>.

"Applied" is distinguished from "pure" by a subtle combination of factors, such as the motivation and attitude of researchers and the nature of the relationship to the <a href="Technology" title="Technology">technology</a> or <a href="Science" title="Science">science</a> that may be affected by the work. Applied physics is rooted in the fundamental truths and basic concepts of the <a href="Physical_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical science">physical sciences</a> but is concerned with the utilization of scientific principles in practical devices and systems and with the application of physics in other areas of science and <a href="High_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="High technology">high technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_research_and_development_areas">Examples of research and development areas</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Accelerator_physics" title="Accelerator physics">Accelerator physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Acoustics" title="Acoustics">Acoustics</a></li>

<li><a href="Atmospheric_physics" title="Atmospheric physics">Atmospheric physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Biophysics" title="Biophysics">Biophysics</a></li>

<li><a href="Brain%E2%80%93computer_interfacing" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain–computer interfacing">Brain–computer interfacing</a></li>

<li><a href="Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li>

<li><a href="Chemical_physics" title="Chemical physics">Chemical physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Differentiable_programming" title="Differentiable programming">Differentiable programming</a>

<ul><li><a href="Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Scientific_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific computing">Scientific computing</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_physics" title="Engineering physics">Engineering physics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">Chemical engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">Electrical engineering</a>

<ul><li><a href="Electronics_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics engineering">Electronics engineering</a>

<ul><li><a href="Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science & engineering</a>

<ul><li><a href="Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a>

<ul><li><a href="Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">Machine learning</a></li>

<li><a href="Deep_learning" title="Deep learning">Deep learning</a></li>

<li><a href="Reinforcement_learning" title="Reinforcement learning">Reinforcement learning</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Power_engineering" title="Power engineering">Power engineering</a>

<ul><li><a href="Power_electronics" title="Power electronics">Power electronics</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Control_engineering" title="Control engineering">Control engineering</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Materials_science_and_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Materials science and engineering">Materials science and engineering</a>

<ul><li><a href="Metamaterials" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamaterials">Metamaterials</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a></li>

<li><a href="Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductors</a></li>

<li><a href="Thin_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Thin films">Thin films</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a>

<ul><li><a href="Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">Aerospace engineering</a>

<ul><li><a href="Astrodynamics" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrodynamics">Astrodynamics</a></li>

<li><a href="Electromagnetic_propulsion" title="Electromagnetic propulsion">Electromagnetic propulsion</a></li>

<li><a href="Fluid_mechanics" title="Fluid mechanics">Fluid mechanics</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Military engineering</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lidar" title="Lidar">Lidar</a></li>

<li><a href="Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li>

<li><a href="Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a></li>

<li><a href="Stealth_technology" title="Stealth technology">Stealth technology</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_engineering" title="Nuclear engineering">Nuclear engineering</a>

<ul><li><a href="Fission_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission reactor">Fission reactors</a></li>

<li><a href="Fusion_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusion reactor">Fusion reactors</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Optical_engineering" title="Optical engineering">Optical engineering</a>

<ul><li><a href="Photonics" title="Photonics">Photonics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cavity_optomechanics" title="Cavity optomechanics">Cavity optomechanics</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser" title="Laser">Lasers</a></li>

<li><a href="Photonic_crystal" title="Photonic crystal">Photonic crystals</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Geophysics" title="Geophysics">Geophysics</a></li>

<li><a href="Materials_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Materials physics">Materials physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Medical_physics" title="Medical physics">Medical physics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Health_physics" title="Health physics">Health physics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Radiation_dosimetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation dosimetry">Radiation dosimetry</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging</a>

<ul><li><a href="Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">Magnetic resonance imaging</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">Radiation therapy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Microscopy" title="Microscopy">Microscopy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Scanning_probe_microscopy" title="Scanning probe microscopy">Scanning probe microscopy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Atomic_force_microscopy" title="Atomic force microscopy">Atomic force microscopy</a></li>

<li><a href="Scanning_tunneling_microscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Scanning tunneling microscopy">Scanning tunneling microscopy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Scanning_electron_microscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Scanning electron microscopy">Scanning electron microscopy</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmission_electron_microscopy" title="Transmission electron microscopy">Transmission electron microscopy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">Nuclear physics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Fission</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">Fusion</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Optical_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical physics">Optical physics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nonlinear_optics" title="Nonlinear optics">Nonlinear optics</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_optics" title="Quantum optics">Quantum optics</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Plasma_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma physics">Plasma physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum technology">Quantum technology</a>

<ul><li><a href="Quantum_computing" title="Quantum computing">Quantum computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_cryptography" title="Quantum cryptography">Quantum cryptography</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_physics" title="Space physics">Space physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">Spectroscopy</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Applied_science" title="Applied science">Applied science</a></li>

<li><a href="Applied_mathematics" title="Applied mathematics">Applied mathematics</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering" title="Engineering">Engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Physics">Engineering Physics</a></li>

<li><a href="High_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="High Technology">High Technology</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070307121331/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/app-physics/general/">"General Information on Applied Physics"</a>. Stanford Department of Applied Physics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/dept/app-physics/general/">the original</a> on 7 March 2007.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Major_branches_of_physics48" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="Branches_of_physics" title="Branches of physics">branches of physics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>

<ul><li><a href="Engineering_physics" title="Engineering physics">Engineering</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Experimental_physics" title="Experimental physics">Experimental</a></li>

<li><a href="Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">Theoretical</a>

<ul><li><a href="Computational_physics" title="Computational physics">Computational</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Classical_physics" title="Classical physics">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics">Classical mechanics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Newton's_laws_of_motion" title="Newton's laws of motion">Newtonian</a></li>

<li><a href="Analytical_mechanics" title="Analytical mechanics">Analytical</a></li>

<li><a href="Celestial_mechanics" title="Celestial mechanics">Celestial</a></li>

<li><a href="Continuum_mechanics" title="Continuum mechanics">Continuum</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Acoustics" title="Acoustics">Acoustics</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_electromagnetism" title="Classical electromagnetism">Classical electromagnetism</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_optics" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical optics">Classical optics</a>

<li><a href="Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Statistical_mechanics" title="Statistical mechanics">Statistical</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-equilibrium_thermodynamics" title="Non-equilibrium thermodynamics">Non-equilibrium</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Modern_physics" title="Modern physics">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Relativistic_mechanics" title="Relativistic mechanics">Relativistic mechanics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Special_relativity" title="Special relativity">Special</a></li>

<li><a href="General_relativity" title="General relativity">General</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">Nuclear physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">Particle physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">Quantum mechanics</a></li>

<li><a href="Atomic%2C_molecular%2C_and_optical_physics" title="Atomic, molecular, and optical physics">Atomic, molecular, and optical physics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Atomic_physics" title="Atomic physics">Atomic</a></li>

<li><a href="Molecular_physics" title="Molecular physics">Molecular</a></li>

<li><a href="Optics#Modern_optics" title="Optics">Modern optics</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Condensed_matter_physics" title="Condensed matter physics">Condensed matter physics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Solid-state_physics" title="Solid-state physics">Solid-state physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Crystallography" title="Crystallography">Crystallography</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdisciplinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a></li>

<li><a href="Atmospheric_physics" title="Atmospheric physics">Atmospheric physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Biophysics" title="Biophysics">Biophysics</a></li>

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<ul><li><a href="History_of_physics" title="History of physics">History of physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Philosophy_of_physics" title="Philosophy of physics">Philosophy of physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Physics_education" title="Physics education">Physics education</a>

<ul><li><a href="Physics_education_research" title="Physics education research">research</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_fundamental_physics_discoveries" title="Timeline of fundamental physics discoveries">Timeline of physics discoveries</a></li></ul>

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